Answer:
•Too many background programs running
•Low storage space on the hard drive
•Outdated software or drivers
•Malware or viruses
•Insufficient RAM for demanding applications
•Overheating due to dust or poor ventilation

Solution: Close unnecessary programs, clean up storage, update software, run an antivirus scan, and consider adding more RAM if needed.

Answer:
•Run a full system scan using a reputable antivirus program
•Boot into Safe Mode and delete suspicious programs
•Use Windows Defender or third-party malware removal tools
•Keep your system and security software updated
•Avoid downloading unknown attachments or visiting suspicious websites

Answer:
•Overheating due to a faulty fan or dust buildup
•Hardware failure (RAM, power supply, motherboard)
•Outdated or incompatible drivers
•Malware infection
•Windows Update causing unexpected restarts
Solution: Clean the dust inside the PC, check for hardware issues, update drivers, and scan for viruses.

Answer:
•Check the Recycle Bin and restore if available
•Use file recovery software like Recuva or EaseUS Data Recovery
•Check cloud backups (Google Drive, OneDrive, etc.)
•If files were stored on an external drive, try using recovery tools designed for that device

Answer:
•Router or modem issue
•Weak signal strength
•Incorrect network settings
•Outdated network drivers
Solution: Restart your router and modem, move closer to the Wi-Fi source, update drivers, or reset network settings.

Answer:
•Check if the power cable is plugged in properly
•Try a different power outlet or adapter
•Remove and reinsert the battery (for laptops)
•Check the RAM or hardware components
•If it still doesn’t work, it might be a motherboard or power supply issue

Answer:
•Delete unnecessary files and programs
•Upgrade RAM and storage (SSD for faster performance)
•Keep software and drivers updated
•Disable unnecessary startup programs
•Run disk cleanup and defragmentation

Answer:
•Lower screen brightness
•Close unused apps and background processes
•Enable battery saver mode
•Avoid overheating by keeping vents clear
•Use the original charger and avoid overcharging

Answer:
•Lower screen brightness
•Close unused apps and background processes
•Enable battery saver mode
•Avoid overheating by keeping vents clear
•Use the original charger and avoid overcharging

Answer:
•Open Device Manager (Windows) and check for driver updates
•Visit the manufacturer’s website for the latest drivers
•Use driver update software (but avoid unreliable ones)
•Keep Windows Update enabled for automatic driver updates

Answer:
•Windows: Press PrtScn (captures entire screen) or Win + Shift + S (select an area).
•Mac: Press Command + Shift + 3 (entire screen) or Command + Shift + 4 (select area).

Answer:
•Dust buildup blocking cooling vents
•Faulty or aging cooling fans
•High CPU or GPU usage from demanding programs
•Poor ventilation (laptop placed on soft surfaces)
Solution: Clean dust from vents, use a cooling pad, close unnecessary programs, and check the fan’s condition.

Answer:
•HDD (Hard Disk Drive): Uses spinning disks, slower but cheaper, more storage capacity.
•SSD (Solid State Drive): Faster, no moving parts, more durable, but more expensive.
Verdict: SSDs are better for performance and speed, while HDDs are cost-effective for large storage.

Answer:
•Wait a few minutes to see if it unfreezes
•Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete and open Task Manager to close unresponsive apps
•Force restart by holding the power button for 5-10 seconds
•Check for overheating issues
•Update drivers and scan for malware

Answer:
•Delete unused files and programs
•Empty the Recycle Bin
• UseDisk Cleanup (Windows) orOptimize Storage (Mac)
•Move files to an external drive or cloud storage
•Uninstall large, unused applications

Answer:
•Use strong, unique passwords
•Enable two-factor authentication (2FA)
•Keep your operating system and software updated
•Install a trusted antivirus program
•Avoid clicking suspicious links or downloading unknown files

Answer:
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) encrypts your internet traffic, making it more secure and private.
Benefits:
•Protects your data on public Wi-Fi
•Hides your IP address
•Bypasses geo-restrictions and censorship
•Using a VPN is recommended, especially for public Wi-Fi networks.

Answer:
•Loose or disconnected cable (for wired keyboards)
•Battery issue (for wireless keyboards)
•Software or driver issue
•Physical damage or stuck keys
Solution: Try reconnecting, replacing batteries, updating drivers, or using a different USB port.

Answer:
•Check if it’s properly connected
•Try using a different USB port
•Replace batteries (for wireless mice)
•Clean the sensor under the mouse
•Update mouse drivers in Device Manager

Answer:
•If using a Microsoft account, reset it online at Microsoft’s password reset page.
•If using a local account, try resetting it from Safe Mode or using a password reset disk.
•In some cases, you may need to reinstall Windows as a last resort.

Answer:
RAM (Random Access Memory) is temporary storage used by your computer for running applications.
More RAM = Better performance, especially for multitasking and gaming.

Answer:
•Try a different USB port
•Check Disk Management (Windows) or Disk Utility (Mac)
•Update USB drivers
•The USB drive might be corrupted—try formatting it (this erases all data)

Answer:
•Windows: Go toSettings → Personalization → Colors → Choose Dark Mode
•Mac: Go toSystem Settings → Appearance → Dark

Answer:
Safe Mode is a troubleshooting mode that loads only essential drivers.
Use it when:
•Your computer keeps crashing
•You need to remove malware
•You need to uninstall problematic software

To boot into Safe Mode:
•Windows: PressShift + Restart → SelectTroubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings → Safe Mode

•Mac: Hold Shift while starting up

Answer:
Windows:
• Go toSettings → Update & Security → Recovery → Reset this PC

Mac:
• Go toSystem Settings → Erase All Content and Settings

Warning: This will delete all files, so back up important data first!

Answer:
•32-bit supports up to 4GB RAM and runs 32-bit applications.
•64-bit supports more than 4GB RAM and is better for performance and multitasking.
Most modern computers use 64-bit Windows.

Answer:
•Use an HDMI cable (best option for video + audio)
•Use VGA or DisplayPort with an audio cable if HDMI isn’t available
•For wireless connections, use Chromecast, Apple AirPlay, or Miracast

Answer:
Cloud storage saves your files online instead of on a local hard drive. Examples:
•Google Drive
•OneDrive
•Dropbox
•iCloud
Advantages: Accessible from anywhere, automatic backups, and file sharing.

Answer:
•Install Brave Bowser
•Use a browser with built-in pop-up blocking (Chrome, Firefox, Edge)
•Install an ad blocker extension (e.g., uBlock Origin, AdBlock)
•Disable pop-ups in browser settings

Answer:
•Windows: Press Win + R, type dxdiag, and press Enter
•Mac: ClickApple Menu → About This Mac

Answer:
•Low system specs (CPU, RAM, or GPU)
•High graphics settings
•Outdated graphics drivers
•Background apps using resources
Solution: Lower in-game settings, update drivers, close background apps, and consider upgrading hardware.

Answer:
•Check the game’s system requirements
•Use websites like Can You RUN It
•Compare your PC specs with the minimum and recommended requirements

Answer:
V-Sync (Vertical Sync) synchronizes frame rates to prevent screen tearing.
Use it when: You see screen tearing (split images).
Disable it when: You need higher FPS, and there’s no tearing.

Answer:
•FPS (Frames Per Second): How many frames your GPU produces per second.
•Refresh Rate (Hz): How many frames your monitor can display per second.
Example: A 144Hz monitor can display up to 144 FPS, but a 60Hz monitor is limited to 60 FPS, even if the game runs at 120 FPS.

Answer:
•Update graphics drivers
•Check for game updates/patches
•Lower in-game graphics settings
•Disable background applications
•Verify game files (Steam, Epic Games, etc.)

Answer:
It depends on your goal:
•Python – Beginner-friendly, AI, data science, web development
•JavaScript – Web development
•C++ – Game development, performance-critical applications
•Java – Android apps, enterprise applications
•Swift – iOS app development

Answer:
•Online courses (Codecademy, Udemy, Coursera)
•Interactive platforms (LeetCode, HackerRank)
•Build real projects
•Contribute to open-source projects

Answer:
•Check for typos or missing punctuation (brackets, semicolons)
•Make sure variables are declared properly
•Read error messages carefully—they usually hint at the issue
•Use an IDE with debugging tools (e.g., VS Code, PyCharm)

Answer:
Git is a version control system that tracks code changes. It helps developers:
•Work collaboratively
•Revert to previous versions
•Manage branches for different features
GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket are popular Git hosting platforms.

Answer:
API (Application Programming Interface) allows two applications to communicate. Example:
•A weather app uses an API to get live weather data from a server.
•Websites use payment APIs (PayPal, Stripe) to process transactions.

Answer:
•Use at least 12-16 characters
• Mixuppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols
• Avoidcommon words or predictable patterns
•Use a password manager to store secure passwords

Answer:

Phishing is when scammers trick you into giving personal information via fake emails, websites, or messages.

Avoid it by:
•Not clicking on suspicious links
•Checking sender email addresses
•Avoiding urgent-sounding emails demanding action

Answer:

2FA adds an extra security layer by requiring a second form of verification (e.g., SMS code, authenticator app).

Enable it for:
•Email accounts
•Banking apps
•Social media
It prevents hackers from accessing accounts, even if they know your password.

Answer:
• Change thedefault router password
• UseWPA3 or WPA2 encryption
• DisableWPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)
• Keep therouter firmware updated
• Hide theSSID (Wi-Fi network name)

Answer:
•Unusual pop-ups or applications running
•Slow performance for no reason
•Strange logins or password change notifications
•Unrecognized files or software installed

What to do?
•Run a malware scan immediately
•Change passwords for all important accounts
•Disconnect from the internet to prevent further damage

Answer:

A firewall is a security system that blocks unauthorized access to your computer or network.

Yes, you need one—it helps protect against hackers, malware, and cyber threats. Most operating systems come with a built-in firewall.

Answer:

•Antivirus: Protects against traditional viruses and worms.

•Anti-malware: Detects newer threats like ransomware and spyware.

Using both together provides better security.

Answer:

Public Wi-Fi is risky because hackers can intercept your data. Use it safely by:

•Connecting to a VPN
•Avoiding online banking or entering sensitive information
•Disabling auto-connect on Wi-Fi settings

Answer:
Ransomware is malware that locks your files and demands payment to unlock them.

Protect yourself by:
•Backing up data regularly
•Not opening suspicious email attachments
•Keeping software updated
•Using strong security software

Answer:
•Look for HTTPS (secure connection)
• Check forsecurity certificates
•Avoid sites with too many pop-ups or strange URLs
•Use browser security extensions like HTTPS Everywhere

Answer:
AI is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that can learn, reason, and solve problems. Examples include Chatbots, Image Recognition, Self-driving Cars, and Voice Assistants (Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant).

Answer:
•Narrow AI (Weak AI): Designed for specific tasks (e.g., Google Search, Spotify recommendations).
•General AI (Strong AI): Hypothetical AI that can think and reason like a human.
•Super AI: A theoretical AI that surpasses human intelligence.

Answer:

•Machine Learning (ML): AI that learns from data without being explicitly programmed.

•Deep Learning (DL): A subset of ML that uses neural networks to process data (e.g., facial recognition, self-driving cars).

Answer:
NLP allows computers to understand, interpret, and respond to human language (e.g., ChatGPT, Google Translate, speech-to-text software).

Answer:
•Python (Most used) – TensorFlow, PyTorch
•R – Used in statistics and data analysis
•Java – AI applications in enterprise software
•LISP & Prolog – Traditional AI research

Answer:
•AI helps detect cyber threats, phishing, and malware faster.
•Hackers can also use AI to launch more sophisticated attacks.
•AI-powered security tools analyze patterns and stop breaches in real-time.

Answer:
•Bias in AI – AI can be biased if trained on unfair data.
•Privacy issues – AI collects and analyzes vast user data.
•Job displacement – AI automation can replace human jobs.
•AI misuse – Deepfakes and automated hacking threats.

Answer:
Ethical hacking involves testing security systems to find vulnerabilities before malicious hackers do. Ethical hackers are also called White Hat Hackers.

Answer:
•White Hat Hackers – Ethical hackers working to protect systems.
•Black Hat Hackers – Malicious hackers who exploit security flaws.
•Grey Hat Hackers – Hackers who sometimes act ethically but without permission.

Answer:
•Kali Linux – OS for penetration testing
•Metasploit – Exploit testing
•Wireshark – Network packet analysis
•Burp Suite – Web application security testing
•Nmap – Network scanning tool

Answer:
•Penetration Testing: Simulated cyberattacks to test security defenses.
•Vulnerability Assessment: Identifying security weaknesses in a system without attacking it.

Answer:
•Phishing emails tricking users into revealing passwords.
•Brute force attacks guessing passwords.
•Malware and keyloggers recording user activity.
•SQL Injection attacks exploiting database vulnerabilities.

Answer:
• LearnLinux, Networking, and Programming (Python, Bash, C, C++).
• StudyCybersecurity Certifications like CEH, OSCP.
•Practice on Hack The Box, TryHackMe platforms.
• Learn to useKali Linux, Metasploit, Wireshark.

Answer:

Ethical hacking (with permission) is legal. Hacking without authorization (Black Hat Hacking) is illegal and punishable by law.

Answer:

Cloud computing delivers computing services (servers, storage, databases, networking) over the internet instead of using local hardware.

Examples: Google Drive, AWS, Microsoft Azure, Dropbox.

Answer:
•Scalability: Easily increase/decrease resources.
•Cost Savings: No need to buy expensive hardware.
•Accessibility: Access data from anywhere.
•Automatic Updates: The provider maintains security and performance.

1.Public Cloud – Services provided over the internet (e.g., Google Cloud, AWS).

2.Private Cloud – Cloud infrastructure for a single organization.

3.Hybrid Cloud – A combination of public and private clouds.

Answer:
•IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Virtual servers, storage (AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine).
•PaaS (Platform as a Service): Provides a development platform (Google App Engine, AWS Lambda).
•SaaS (Software as a Service): Cloud-based applications (Gmail, Dropbox, Office 365).

Answer:
Cloud providers use encryption, firewalls, and AI-based threat detection. However, data breaches can still happen, so users must follow security best practices.

Answer:
Serverless computing allows developers to run applications without managing servers. Examples: AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, Azure Functions.

Answer:
Edge computing processes data closer to the source instead of relying on central cloud servers.

Example: Self-driving cars use edge computing to make real-time driving decisions.

Answer:
•Google Drive – Free storage for Google users.
•Dropbox – File-sharing service.
•OneDrive – Microsoft’s cloud storage.
•Amazon S3 – Secure storage for developers.